Neuromancer, by William Gibson, pg. 10: “A millimeter of white showed beneath each of her pupils. Sanpaku…He looked back as the plastic door swung shut behind him, saw her eyes reflected in a cage of red neon.”

Sanpaku comes from the Japanese, and literally means “three areas empty.” The term describes that condition of having the white part of the eye still visible beneath the pupil while looking directly ahead. According to Japanese folk wisdom, it means someone is not properly balanced, either emotionally or spiritually. It indicates that something is wrong, or soon will be. The term was made popular by George Ohsawa, a writer and founder of macrobiotics, who correctly predicted the future of many people based only on pictures of them. While this phenomena seemed supernatural, or magical, and Ohsawa was considered something of a modern-day shaman, the fact is that most likely this condition is caused by exhaustion, often from too much exertion, lack of sleep, drug use, etc.

http://www.macrobiotic.org/Sanpaku.htm

http://educate-yourself.org/ww/sanpakueyes16feb06.shtml